Starting a backyard wildlife habitat is not difficult and is very rewarding.
It is a pleasure to see the beautiful birds, butterflies and other wild
animals in your backyard. Also, as more land is consumed by industry, highways
and other "development", our friends need to find new homes. You
can help by creating a home in your own backyard. The essential ingredients
for a backyard wildlife habitat are: food, water, shelter and places to
raise young.
Food:
Shrubs and trees provide fruits and seeds throughout the year. Some good
choices are sweetgum, blueberry, sumac, bayberry, holly, viburnum, cotoneaster,
and crabapple. Perennials and annuals are planted to provide nectar for
both butterflies and hummingbirds. Hummingbirds visit bee balm, pineapple
sage, wild columbine, cardinal flower, and trumpet honeysuckle. Butterflies
enjoy butterfly weed, butterfly bush, lantana, purpleconeflower, garden
phlox, zinnias, and Mexican sunflower. Supplemental feeders provide nectar
for hummingbirds in the summer months and provide a variety of seed (sunflower,
niger, safflower, and millet) for birds throughout the year.
Water:
A pedestal-mounted bird bath provides water and cools the birds in the
hot summer months. A small shallow water dish provides water for drinking
and bathing. Placed on the ground, this simple bird bath also provides
water for mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. Small ponds, easily constructed
in most home landscapes, provide an aquatic home for dragonflies, fish,
newts, frogs, and other aquatic life. A thermostatically controlled bird
bath heater provides water during subfreezing weather when the need for
water is critical for a backyard habitat for birds.
Shelter:
A number of evergreen trees and shrubs provide year-round protective cover
from weather and predators. Good choices are: juniper; yew; grapeholly;
Austrian Pine, and hollies. Deciduous shrubs offer effective summer cover
for nesting and escaping predators. Red-twig dogwood, bayberry, viburnums,
and cotoneasters are good shrubs for massing for your backyard habitat.
Rock, log, and mulch piles offer effective cover. Small mammals, reptiles,
amphibians, and a great variety of insects and other small animals find
homes in these structures.
Places
to Raise Young: Nest boxes for bluebirds, chickadees, wrens, and purple
martins can be placed in your backyard habitat. Evergreens, deciduous
trees, and shrubs provide additional nesting areas for birds. Rabbits,
shrews, mice, snakes, and salamanders lay their eggs or raise young under
boughs of plants as well as in the rock, log, or mulch piles. Aquatic
animals, such as frogs, toads, and newts deposit their eggs in the ponds.
Butterfly eggs and caterpillars find safety among the herbs, flowers,
shrubs, and trees.
Start by examining what your yard already provides in these 4 essential
areas. Then begin introducing new elements (plantings, shelters, feeders,
water, etc.) to supplement and enhance your home for wild life. Here are
more resources for backyard wildlife habitats:
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